The word #Computer is derived from the Greek word 'compute' which we know today as computer. The word Compute means to calculate. And the word computer means calculating machine. But now a computer can no longer be called just a calculating machine. Today's computer is a device through which various types of information are exchanged through data processing. The development of civilization and its rapid progress today are rooted in the powerful influence of mathematics and computers.
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The Computer Networks 2023 |
What Is Computer & Network :
Computer:
The computer device receives various types of data and provides various types of information as output.
Computer & Network:
A computer network is a system in which two or more computers are connected together. Computer network users can share files, printers, and other resources, send messages to each other, and run programs from one computer to another.
A Network Basically Consists Of Three Components :
Application software, network software and network hardware.
Application software is a collection of interface programs through which computer users can connect to a network and share various resources on the network. They can be client-server or peer-to-peer in nature.
Network software is a collection of programs that establish the network usage rules, or protocols, by which one computer communicates, or "talks," to another computer. These protocols are protected by exchanging formatted instructions or packets. Protocols create logical connections between two computer network applications, route packets through the physical network, and try to minimize the chance of collisions between packets sent at the same time.
Network Hardware All the physical parts or components that connect multiple computers are collectively called network hardware. Two of the most important components are the computer's signal-carrying transmission medium and the network adapter. The transmission medium is usually made of wire or optical fiber. The function of a network adapter is to establish a link between the transmission medium and the network software.
"Information Transmitted Over The Network Is In Binary Digit Or Bit Form, So That's The Computer's Electronic Circuitry Can Easily Process It"
Computer Network Can Generally Be Divided Into 4 Parts Namely-
- LAN (Local Area Network)
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
- WAN (Wide Area Network)
- PAN (Personal Area Network)
Local Area Network :
LAN (Local Area Network), it is abbreviated as LAN. A network consisting of several computers in the same building is called a local area network (Local Area Network). The structure of this type of network is very simple, and the price of the devices used for ERG is very low. The devices used in this type of network are hubs, switches, repeaters. We constantly use network lan. This network is used in small-medium office-court and business-trade. Its main purpose is to share information and resources between devices. Small-medium offices can save on devices such as printers, modems, scanners, etc. by creating a LAN.
Metropolitan Area Network :
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Metropolitan Area Network, abbreviated as MAN. An interface consisting of several LANs located within the same city is called a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). Such networks can span 50-75 miles. The data transfer speed of this network is gigabit per second. Networks such as antennas, routers are commonly used in these devices.
Wide Area Network :
WAN (Wide Area Network): Wide Area Network (Wide Area Network), it is abbreviated as WAN. A network made up of remote LANs is called a wide area network. (WAN). Usually such networks are formed between two different countries. The data transfer speed of this type of network is 56 kbps to 1.544 Mbps. The structure of such networks is quite complex and usually spans large geographical areas. The devices used in such networks are routers, modems, WAN switches, etc.
Pan Area Network :
Pan area Network is mainly used for personal use. Which is owned by itself.
Different Terms And Devices Of Computer Network :
What is Server: A server is a powerful computer that provides various services to other computers in the network. That is, it serves. Server is basically a computer program. There are many types of servers. For example – database server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, gaming server, application server etc.
What is a client: A client is a service recipient. A client in a computer network refers to the hardware or software that receives a service from the server. For example, if you are reading the post of our website with any mobile or computer, then your mobile or computer is the client. And the web server where our website is located.
What is Media: Media in computer network is a medium with which computers are connected. Electric cables, coaxial cables, optical fibers etc. act as media. But currently wireless Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi) is used as media in computer networks.
What is a network adapter: To connect a computer to a network, you need to use a network adapter. Network adapter is called network interface card or controller (Network interface controller). NIC basically connects computer to media and transmits data.
What is Resource: Any information - data or service provided to the client for use is called resource. When we use the software to play games from the Internet with the computer, it is a resource. If someone uses the information on your computer over the network, then your computer becomes a resource. Similarly, when we see various articles or videos from the Internet, they are also resources.
User: The client who uses resources from the server through the network is called a user.
What is a Protocol: a network will be formed by what rules, in what language, these rules are protocols. To use the internet we use http means hyper text transfer protocol. It appears at the beginning of every website name.
What is Hub: Hub is a device with the help of which information or data can be sent from one computer to another computer. Hub means internet hub or network hub but nowadays USB hub is also seen. A hub is usually used to create a wired network with multiple computers or printers or other devices. But the problem with using a hub is that it has less speed and less convenience. Also, when a message is sent, it is received by all computers on the network. That is, the hub cannot send data to the specified address.
What Is The Switch:
Like a hub, a switch is a small ICT device. The difference between a switch and a hub is that a switch can identify all devices connected to it individually, but a hub cannot. The switch assigns a different address (MAC = Media Access Control Address) to each device connected to it. As a result, information can be sent quickly to whoever needs it according to the address. Switch is popular for these benefits.
What is a Router:
Router is used to create network. Router is an important device which is made up of hardware and software. A router determines which path a data packet will take to its destination through the network. A data packet is a block of data or a collection of data. Routers use the shortest path to deliver data packets to their destination.
Other Devices: There are also many other network devices such as modems, LAN cards, repeaters, gateways, etc.
Computer History:
Various attempts to invent computing devices in prehistoric times are considered computer history. In ancient times, people once used oysters, pebbles, knots of rope, etc. to interpret numbers. Although various techniques and devices were used later in the calculation, an ancient calculating device called abacus is considered to be the first device in the history of computers. It was born 1400 years ago in the city of Babylon. Abacus is a calculating device by changing the positions of pieces arranged in a frame. Abacus was developed as a calculating device in Egypt or China around 450/500 BC.
In 1617, the Scottish mathematician John Napier used incisors or rods for calculations. These bones are known as John Napier's bones. In 1642, a scientist invented the first addition and subtraction calculator at the age of 19. In 1671, German mathematician Gottfried von Leibniz developed a more advanced mechanical calculator with multiplication and division capabilities using wheels and rods based on Pascal's device. He named the device the reconning device. Later, in 1820, Thomas de Comer improved Leibniz's Reconning machine and popularized it.
In the early 19th century the idea of constructing and using a modern machine (which could perform mathematical calculations purely mechanically, meaning without any intelligence) was first voiced by Charles Babbage. He named it the difference engine. While working on this difference engine (in 1833) he conceived of a more advanced and universal machine called the Analytical Engine. But he could not finish any of them due to lack of necessary tools and money.
The real beginning of computer science is with Alan Turing's first theoretical and then practical research. Modern computers began to develop from the middle of the 20th century. The invention of the microprocessor in 1971 led to rapid development of microcomputers. There are many types of low-cost personal computers of different natures and sizes available in the market. Along with that, various operating systems, programming languages, countless practical package programs have been invented.
Along with these developments, there have been huge advances in computers and internet networks. Numerous institutional and non-institutional computer education and research institutes have been established and expanded to impart computer education. In recent times Computer and Information Technology or IT has occupied a large part of business and employment has become largely computer dependent.
Since Intel Corporation of the United States invented the microprocessor in 1971, microprocessor-based computers began to enter the market. Since then there has been a great revolution in the shape and performance of computers. In 1981, the personal computer or PC of the IBM company came to the market. After that, high-powered microprocessors were invented one after the other and powerful PCs were built. Since the IBM company did not put any restrictions on the production of IBM compatible computers from the beginning, the price of such computers decreased drastically and its use continued to increase. At the same time IBM Company as well as Apple Computer Inc. released their invented Apple-Macintosh computer on the market. But since the Apple company did not show any generosity in making their compatible computers, the price of Macintosh computers remained too high, as a result of which Apple could not gain much popularity. With the use of Apple computers, it was possible to do these tasks quickly because of its wide range of advantages.
Computer System :
A system is a collective effort of several integrated components that work to achieve some common objective. A computer has some special systems. Those systems are described below-
- hardware,
- software,
- Humanware or User,
- Data or Information.
Hardware:
All the devices, parts and devices that make up the external shape of the computer are called hardware. Computer hardware can be primarily divided into three categories.
Input Devices:
- keyboard
- Mouse
- disc
- Scanner
- card reader,
- Digital cameras etc.
System Unit:
- hard disk
- motherboard
- AGP card
- RAM etc.
Output devices:
- Monitor
- printer
- disc
- Speaker
- projector
- Head phones etc.
Computers Software :
A program is a sequence of instructions in a computer language for the purpose of solving a problem or performing a task. A particular computer and user form a good relationship together and thus a software is created. Computer software can be mainly divided into two categories |
System software: System software effectively utilizes the computer's capabilities to execute practical programs by maintaining the coordination of work between the various units of the computer.
Application Software: A program used for solving practical problems or processing data is called application software. Many ready-made programs for solving practical problems are available as commercial products, commonly called package programs.
Computers Operating System :
An operating system is software that controls the execution of computer programs and performs scheduling, debugging, input/output control, accounting, compilation, storage assignment, data management, and related functions. Currently, the most widely used operating systems in microcomputers or PCs are -
- DOS
- Windows 95
- Windows 98
- Windows 2000
- Unix, Ubuntu
- Mint (operating system)
- Debian
- fedora
- Mac OSX
- Windows XP
- Windows Vista
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- Windows 8.1
- Windows 10
- Windows 11
- Linux
"Computers have many uses. It has immense use in various fields from home work to business, scientific etc. This particular process has greatly improved communication. It is also a unique companion in medicine and human welfare. In a word computer is a device which is capable of almost all tasks"
Uses of Computers in Geography:
Computers in GIS: Computers are used in GIS technology. A special improvement has been made to the map with the said provision.
Use of Computers in Education:
With the latest inventions of this media world, teaching is also done through it in the classroom these days. Microsoft Excel is also used for publishing the results.
Conclusion -
Today we read the #Computers & Network post of this #Freelancer-Zone website which we came to know:-
- What is Computer Technology & Why Is It Important, Computer Network Systems 2023 Uploaded,
- What Is Computer & Network,
- A Network Basically Consists Of Three Components,
- Application software, network software and network hardware,
- Different Terms And Devices Of Computer Network,
- What is Server,
- What is a client,
- What is Media,
- What is a network adapter,
- What is Resource,
- What is a Protocol,
- What is Hub,
- What Is The Switch,
- What is a Router,
- Computer History,
- Computer System,
- Computers Software,
- Computers Operating System,
- Uses of Computers in Geography,
- Use of Computers in Education,
- W3EDUCTION
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